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Rationality for Mortals
Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume (which follows on a previous collection, Adaptive Thinking, also published by OUP) collects his most recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes a newly writen, substantial introduction, and the articles have been revised and updated where appropriate. This volume should appeal, like the earlier volumes, to a broad mixture of cognitive psychologists, philosophers, economists, and others who study decision making.
Rationality for Mortals
Gerd Gigerenzer's influential work examines the rationality of individuals not from the perspective of logic or probability, but from the point of view of adaptation to the real world of human behavior and interaction with the environment. Seen from this perspective, human behavior is more rational than it might otherwise appear. This work is extremely influential and has spawned an entire research program. This volume (which follows on a previous collection, Adaptive Thinking, also published by OUP) collects his most recent articles, looking at how people use "fast and frugal heuristics" to calculate probability and risk and make decisions. It includes a newly writen, substantial introduction, and the articles have been revised and updated where appropriate. This volume should appeal, like the earlier volumes, to a broad mixture of cognitive psychologists, philosophers, economists, and others who study decision making.
Experts in Science and Society
In today's complex world, we have come to rely increasingly on those who have expertise in specific areas and can bring their knowledge to bear on crucial social, political and scientific questions. Taking the viewpoint that experts are consulted when there is something important at stake for an individual, a group, or society at large, Experts in Science and Society explores expertise as a relational concept. How do experts balance their commitment to science with that to society? How does a society actually determine that a person has expertise? What personal traits are valued in an expert? From where does the expert derive authority? What makes new forms of expertise emerge? These and related questions are addressed from a wide range of areas in order to be inclusive, as well as to demonstrate similarities across areas. Likewise, in order to be culturally comparative, this volume includes examples and discussions of experts in different countries and even in different time periods. The topics include the roles of political experts, scientific experts, medical experts, legal experts, and more.
Simple Heuristics that Make Us Smart
Simple Heuristics That Make Us Smart invites readers to embark on a new journey into a land of rationality that differs from the familiar territory of cognitive science and economics. Traditional views of rationality tend to see decision makers as possessing superhuman powers of reason, limitless knowledge, and all of eternity in which to ponder choices. To understand decisions in the real world, we need a different, more psychologically plausible notion of rationality, and this book provides it. It is about fast and frugal heuristics--simple rules for making decisions when time is pressing and deep thought an unaffordable luxury. These heuristics can enable both living organisms and artificial systems to make smart choices, classifications, and predictions by employing bounded rationality. But when and how can such fast and frugal heuristics work? Can judgments based simply on one good reason be as accurate as those based on many reasons? Could less knowledge even lead to systematically better predictions than more knowledge? Simple Heuristics explores these questions, developing computational models of heuristics and testing them through experiments and analyses. It shows how fast and frugal heuristics can produce adaptive decisions in situations as varied as choosing a mate, dividing resources among offspring, predicting high school drop out rates, and playing the stock market. As an interdisciplinary work that is both useful and engaging, this book will appeal to a wide audience. It is ideal for researchers in cognitive psychology, evolutionary psychology, and cognitive science, as well as in economics and artificial intelligence. It will also inspire anyone interested in simply making good decisions.
Even Given the Worthless "Appraiser" Class, I'm Actually the Strongest 3
In a fantasy world where "jobs" are god-given from birth, heroes are born, not made...and Ain's job of "Appraiser" has put him about as far from the "hero" pedestal as possible. Used, abused, and eventually abandoned by his fellow adventurers, Ain decides it just isn't worth going on... Lucky for Ain, though, the end may just be the beginning...and a new lease on life. Turns out, his "worthless" job may just be the key to becoming a hero after all... After befriending the second World Tree spirit, Pina, things have gotten a lot livelier for Ein and the gang! But their carefree days are about to be overturned by the mysterious spirit Ekhidna and the dark power she offers to the disgraced Zoid...
The Abandoned Reincarnation Sage 1
Belamus was once a great sage with the power of reincarnation...but as all lives must pass, so did his. He reincarnated with his memories, but was suddenly abandoned as a newborn child! Luckily for him, he was adopted by the nearby goblin tribe...but this moment of kindness may mean more for both the Goblins and Belamus than either of them know!
As a Reincarnated Aristocrat, I'll Use My Appraisal Skill to Rise in the World 2
ROSELL KISCHAAfter his uneventful life gets cut short, a salaryman is reborn in another world as the child aristocrat Ars Louvent. Using his unique "appraisal" skill, Ars discovers and recruits a fledgling swordsman named Rietz and a girl named Charlotte with a gift for magic. However, Ars’s small domain will need even more talented people if it is to survive--which is why a shy, young bookworm with an extraordinary intellect might be just what Ars is looking for!
As a Reincarnated Aristocrat, I'll Use My Appraisal Skill to Rise in the World 1
BRAINS OVER BRAWN A salaryman suffers a heart attack and is reborn in another world as Ars Louvent, the child of an aristocratic house. Though lacking in physical strength, Ars has a unique “appraisal” skill that lets him see other people’s stats and latent abilities. He puts this skill to the test by discovering a downtrodden young man with fearsome blade skills and a street urchin with a knack for magic. Has Ars found the diamonds in the rough that will help him secure his family’s fortunes?
As a Reincarnated Aristocrat, I'll Use My Appraisal Skill to Rise in the World 3
BETROTHED Reincarnated as a child aristocrat in another world, Ars Louvent wastes no time in using his "appraisal" skill to recruit promising talent to his side. With the swordsman Rietz, the mage Charlotte, and the bookworm Rosell as his new vassals, Ars begins to see real hope of turning his weak domain around. Yet, the flames of unrest are spreading throughout the empire, and Ars now finds himself facing a different kind of flame altogether: his fiancee!
Reborn to Master the Blade: From Hero-King to Extraordinary Squire ♀ (Manga) Volume 2
It was supposed to be a lovely banquet that the reincarnated Inglis was invited to, but after crossing an old rival’s newfound authority as a Highlander, things took a turn for the worse. Inglis sets off in the dead of night to settle the score, but in her way are foes she never expected to cross blades with—a challenge Inglis is all too eager to accept. The political machinations of the world Inglis lives in continue to turn, but her goal remains the same: to master the blade!
As a Reincarnated Aristocrat, I'll Use My Appraisal Skill to Rise in the World 7
LICIA'S MOMENT With Mireille now a full member of his camp, Ars turns his attention to ending the stalemate in the war of succession. Rosell proposes that they attempt to bring the neighboring province of Paradille to their side. Given Paradille's imperialist leanings, winning them over will require bribing the emperor to act as a mediator on Ars's behalf. And who better to handle such a delicate negotiation than Licia, Ars's clever new bride?
I Was Reincarnated as the 7th Prince so I Can Take My Time Perfecting My Magical Ability 9
The advent of anarchy The Advent Festival, which celebrates the birth of God, has arrived. And with it, the revelation of the identity of the mysterious priest behind the sickening chimeras has shocked the people of Saloum! Every able hand is called to battle this crisis, with Grim and Jihriel rushed back to the surface, Sylpha fighting without a sword, and Babylon cornered with enemies on all sides. How will they escape…?