DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

# DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATION IN INDIA

## Unit 1: Education in Ancient and Medieval India
- Vedic Education
  - Gurukul System
  - Importance of Vedas and Upanishads
  - Role of Oral Tradition
- Buddhist Education
  - Monastic Education at Nalanda and Taxila
  - Emphasis on Morality and Ethics
  - Spread of Buddhism and its Educational Influence
- Islamic Education
  - Introduction of Madrasas
  - Focus on Theology and Science
  - Influence of Persian and Arabic Scholarship

## Unit 2: Education in British India during the 19th Century
- Missionary Contributions
  - Establishment of Schools and Colleges
  - Promotion of Western Education
  - Role of Christian Missionaries
- Landmark Acts and Policies
  - Charter Act of 1813
  - Wood's Despatch (1854)
  - Hunter Commission (1882)
- Policy Debates
  - Orientalism vs. Anglicism
  - Macaulay’s Minute on Indian Education
  - Impact of Colonial Policies on Indigenous Systems

## Unit 3: Education in British India before Independence
- Significant Commissions and Reports
  - Raleigh Commission (1902)
  - Sadler Commission (1917)
  - Hartog Committee (1929)
- Pre-Independence Policies
  - Wardha Scheme of Basic Education (1937)
  - Role of National Leaders like Gandhi and Tagore
  - Growth of Nationalist Sentiment in Education
- Socio-Political Context
  - Education as a Tool for Social Reform
  - Women’s Education Initiatives
  - Caste and Education: Challenges and Progress

## Unit 4: Development of Indian Education in the Post-Independence Period
- Major Commissions and Committees
  - University Education Commission (1948-49)
  - Kothari Commission (1964-66)
  - National Policy on Education (NPE) 1986 & 1992
- Evolution of School Education
  - Expansion of Primary and Secondary Education
  - Mid-Day Meal Scheme
  - Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA)
- Higher Education Reforms
  - Establishment of IITs, IIMs, and Central Universities
  - Autonomy and Quality Assurance
  - Research and Innovation in Academia

## Unit 5: Recent Developments and Programs in Indian Education
- National Education Policy (NEP) 2020
  - Key Features and Objectives
  - Focus on Multidisciplinary Learning
  - Emphasis on Vocational Training and Skill Development
- Contemporary Initiatives
  - Digital India and Online Education Platforms
  - SWAYAM and MOOCs
  - Rashtriya Avishkar Abhiyan
- Challenges and Opportunities
  - Bridging Gender and Regional Gaps
  - Ensuring Inclusive Education
  - Aligning Education with Global Standards