# Economics For Gce A Level: The Complete Guide (Second Edition)
## Part I: Introduction to Economics
- The Economic Problem
- Scarcity and Choice
- Opportunity Cost
- Production Possibility Curve
- Economic Systems
- Market Economy
- Command Economy
- Mixed Economy
- Role of Markets
- Demand and Supply
- Price Mechanism
- Market Equilibrium
## Part II: Microeconomics
- Consumer Behavior
- Utility Theory
- Indifference Curves
- Budget Constraints
- Producer Behavior
- Production and Costs
- Economies of Scale
- Profit Maximization
- Market Structures
- Perfect Competition
- Monopoly
- Oligopoly
- Monopolistic Competition
- Market Failure
- Externalities
- Public Goods
- Imperfect Information
## Part III: Macroeconomics
- National Income Accounting
- GDP and GNP
- Circular Flow of Income
- Methods of Measuring GDP
- Economic Growth
- Determinants of Growth
- Sustainable Growth
- Trade-offs with Growth
- Unemployment
- Types of Unemployment
- Natural Rate of Unemployment
- Policies to Reduce Unemployment
- Inflation
- Causes of Inflation
- Effects of Inflation
- Policies to Control Inflation
- Macroeconomic Policies
- Fiscal Policy
- Monetary Policy
- Supply-Side Policies
## Part IV: International Economics
- International Trade
- Comparative Advantage
- Trade Barriers
- Balance of Payments
- Exchange Rates
- Fixed vs. Floating Exchange Rates
- Factors Affecting Exchange Rates
- Currency Crises
- Globalization
- Benefits and Costs of Globalization
- Trade Agreements
- Multinational Corporations
## Part V: Development Economics
- Economic Development
- Indicators of Development
- Human Development Index (HDI)
- Poverty and Inequality
- Strategies for Development
- Industrialization
- Agricultural Development
- Role of Institutions
- Sustainable Development
- Environmental Challenges
- Green Economy
- Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)